First there was Gregor Mendel, a monk who studied
inherited characteristics. This was followed by Francis Crick and James
Watson who unraveled the DNA molecule. This has led us to understanding
the Human Genome sequence. This section will examine and document the
events leading up to this remarkable achievement.[38]
DNA Timeline
DNA Timeline
1866 Gregor Mendel published the results of his investigations of the inheritance of "factors" in pea plants. 1950s Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004), Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958), Francis H. C. Crick (1916-2004) of Britain and James D. Watson (1928- ) of the U.S. discover chemical structure of DNA, starting a new branch of science--molecular biology. 1966 The Genetic code was discovered; scientists are now able to predict characteristics by studying DNA. This leads to genetic engineering, genetic counseling. 1983 Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) of the U.S. was awarded the Nobel Prize for her discovery that genes are able to change position on chromosomes. The Late 1980s An international team of scientists began the project to map the human genome. The first crime conviction based on DNA fingerprinting, in Portland Oregon. 1990 Gene therapy was used on patients for the first time. 1994 The FDA approved the first genetically engineered food -- FlavrSavr tomatoes engineered for better flavor and shelf life 1998 Senate inquiry begins into the Clinton/Lewinsky scandal based largely on DNA evidence. 2000 J. Craig Ventor, along with Francis Collins, jointly announce the sequencing of the entire human genome. |